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fivescoreyearsago,agreatamerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandsignedtheemancipationproclamation.thismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofnegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofcaptivity.
butonehundredyearslater,wemustfacethetragicfactthatthenegroisstillnotfree.onehundredyearslater,thelifeofthenegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.onehundredyearslater,thenegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.onehundredyearslater,thenegroisstilllanguishinginthecornersofamericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.sowehavecomeheretodaytodramatizeanappallingcondition.
inasensewehavecometoournation"scapitaltocashacheck.whenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheconstitutionandthedeclarationofindependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryamericanwastofallheir.thisnotewasapromisethatallmenwouldbeguaranteedtheinalienablerightsoflife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.
itisobvioustodaythatamericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynoteinsofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,americahasgiventhenegropeopleabadcheckwhichhascomebackmarked"insufficientfunds."butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.
sowehavecometocashthischeck--acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.
wehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremindamericaofthefierceurgencyofnow.thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrugofgradualism.nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.nowisthetimetoopenthedoorsofopportunitytoallofgod"schildren.nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.
itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthemomentandtounderestimatethedeterminationofthenegro.thisswelteringsummerofthenegro"slegitimatediscontentwillnotpassuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomandequality.nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.